Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs: A Summary

Edgar Rice Burroughs' "Tarzan of the Apes" is a classic novel that tells the story of Tarzan, a boy raised by apes in the African jungle. The novel explores themes of identity, civilization versus nature, and the concept of family and belonging. This summary aims to provide an overview of the main plot points, character development, and thematic exploration.

Plot Overview

The story begins with Lord and Lady Greystoke stranded on the African coast, where they give birth to a son. After their deaths, the infant is adopted by Kala, a female ape, who raises him as her own. Named Tarzan, he grows up with the apes, learning their ways and the language of the jungle, unaware of his human heritage.

Tarzan's life is a series of adventures and discoveries. He teaches himself to read and write using books left by his parents, gradually uncovering the truth about his origins. Despite his love for the jungle and its inhabitants, he experiences a sense of isolation and difference from his ape family.

The arrival of other humans, including Jane Porter, brings Tarzan into direct contact with his own kind for the first time. His interactions with them are complex, as he saves them from various dangers, including hostile tribes and wild animals, showcasing his strength, intelligence, and inherent nobility.

Tarzan's relationship with Jane is a central element of the story, highlighting his internal conflict between his love for her and his loyalty to the jungle. The novel culminates in Tarzan's realization of his true identity as John Clayton, Lord Greystoke, yet he chooses to conceal this fact to ensure Jane's happiness with another man.

Character Development

Tarzan's character evolves from a wild, instinct-driven creature of the jungle to a more reflective and noble figure, embodying the idealized "noble savage." His journey is one of self-discovery, as he reconciles his dual identity as both ape and human.

The other characters, including Jane Porter and her father, serve as catalysts for Tarzan's development and provide contrasting viewpoints on civilization, morality, and what it means to be human.

Themes

Identity and Belonging: Tarzan's struggle with his identity is the heart of the novel, exploring what defines us as human and where we truly belong.

Civilization vs. Nature: The book contrasts the purity and brutality of the jungle with the sophistication and cruelty of civilized society, questioning which is more genuinely humane.

Survival and Adaptation: Tarzan's ability to survive and thrive in both the jungle and among humans illustrates the universal themes of adaptation and resilience.

Love and Sacrifice: The love story between Tarzan and Jane emphasizes the sacrifices we make for love and the true meaning of nobility.

Conclusion

"Tarzan of the Apes" is a timeless tale that captivates readers with its adventure, romance, and profound exploration of complex themes. It remains a seminal work in literature, reflecting on the eternal question of what it means to be human.